城市青年的职业稳定性及其影响因素--基于职业生涯发展阶段理论的实证研究

Occupational Stability and Its Determinants for Urban Youths in China: An Empirical Study Based on Career Development Stage Theory

职业是现代人谋生的主要手段,也是衡量个体社会地位的重要指标。第一份职业一般在青年时期开始,而按照职业生涯发展阶段理论,一个人的职业生涯会经历不同阶段,工作从不稳定趋于相对稳定。文章利用2009年全国四城市抽样调查数据,实证研究了20～34岁青年职业稳定性的特点及其影响因素。分析结果表明,职业变动已经成为当今青年的普遍现象,多数青年都至少更换过1次工作,职业变动次数的均值为3次;职业地位和工作年限对于职业稳定性具有重要的显著影响:从事高端职业者其职业稳定性更强;职业稳定性随工作年限呈现U型非线性变化,证明职业稳定性的拐点恰恰发生在青年时期,总体上20～34岁的青年正处于从职业不稳定向职业稳定过渡阶段。

Using the national youth survey data in November 2009, we study the characteristics of occupational stability of urban youths aged 20 -34 in China and its determinants. Results show that iob switches being prevalent among youths, the maiority have changed lob at least once with the average being three. Both occupational status and years of working play significant roles in occupational stabili- ty： people with higher occupational status tend to be more stable; with prolonged working years the occupational stability shows a U shaped curve, suggesting that the turning point of occupational stability occurs at youth. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.