市场化程度对农户劳动交换形式结构的影响

Effect of Marketization Degree on Farmers′ Labor Exchange Structure

采用9个省897户农户的问卷调查数据,构建了农户劳动交换形式结构的影响因素模型。研究结果表明:市场化程度越高,则农户劳动交换形式结构的市场化特征越明显;若农户家庭劳动力人口数越少、家庭年总收入越多、非农收入占家庭年总收入的比例越小、被访者越看重效率而不是人情、劳动交换较多地参考劳动力市场价格、没有换工经历和没有换工意愿,则该农户的盖房、农忙和红白喜事雇工的可能性大。农户家庭人均耕地面积越小,则其盖房和农忙雇工的可能性更大。若所需工种为长工时,农户盖房更倾向于雇工。户主年龄越小,则其农忙越倾向于雇工。本研究构建的理论模型较好地阐释了市场化对农户劳动交换形式结构的影响。

The factor model of farmers＇ labor exchange structure was constructed based on the data of questionnaire on 897 farmers in nine provinces. The results showed that the higher degree of marketization, the more obvious the market characteristics of the structure were. The factors such as fewer family manpower, more family annual income, smaller ratio of non -farming income to family annual total income, more focus on efficiency of respondent than social relationship, labor exchange referring more to local labor market price, no labor exchange experience or no labor exchange would result in more possibility of farmers＇ building houses,busy farming and labor hiring during wedding and funeral. The fewer cultivated land area per capita of a family, the more likely the family was to build a house or hire people in busy season. If the labor was a long-term hired hand, the farmer trended to hire labor when building a house. The younger the householder was ,he was more likely to hire labor in busy season. This theoretical model of the study best explained the effect of marketization on farmers＇ labor exchange structure.