陕西秦岭东段南坡繁殖鸟类群落组成的30年变化

Breeding Bird Community and Change Over 30 Years in South Slope of Eastern Qinling Mountains

于2008和2010年每年5～7月在秦岭东段南坡的商洛地区商南、山阳、柞水和洛南4县根据海拔和植被类型选择样点,并采用样线法和网捕法相结合的方法对繁殖鸟类群落进行了调查。共观察记述鸟类159种,农田和栽培植物带(215～650 m)有鸟类96种,其中优势种是山麻雀(Passer rutilans),低山阔叶林带(650～1 200 m)鸟类种数最多,有135种,其中优势种是绿背山雀(Parus monticolus),针阔混交林带(1 200～2 200 m)有73种,其中优势种是橙翅噪鹛(Garrulax elliotii);秦岭东段南坡鸟类群落与中段南坡以及西段南坡和巴山北坡鸟类群落有较高的相似性,但是和秦岭北坡、巴山南坡的鸟类群落相似性较小,反映出秦岭和巴山对鸟类物种组成的阻隔作用和该地区鸟类区系组成的过渡性。和30年前相比,秦岭东段南坡鸟类物种增加了64种,但是有8种鸟类在2008和2010年的调查中未见到。总体上,秦岭东段南坡的繁殖鸟类群落组成在过去的30年里已经发生了明显的变化。

The breeding bird community in south slope of eastern Qinling was surveyed twice in the period May to July in 2008 and 2010. Totally, 159 bird species were accumulative observed. Ninety six bird species inhabited in cultivated land （215 -650 m） , of them Passer rutilans is the dominant species; 135 species were found in deciduous forest （650 - 1 200 m） and the dominant species is Parus monticolus; 73 species were recorded in deciduous and conifer mixed forest （ 1 200 - 2 200 m ） , Garrulax elliotii is the dominant one. Among the birds observed, 64 species are the new records that have not listed before. Comparing with bird species list given by the field survey conducted in 1978 on bird community, 8 species found in 1978 were not observed in this study. The results of the field survey indicated that the component of breeding bird community in the sludy area has changed in the period of over 30 years.