施氮和隔根对玉米植株生长、产量和根际微生物的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and root separation on the plant growth and grain yield of maize and its rhizosphere microorganisms

采用根系分隔试验,研究不同施氮水平(0.1、0.3、0.5和0.7g·kg-1)下,玉米-大豆间作系统中根系互作对玉米植株生长、产量和根际微生物的影响.结果表明:根系互作和增施氮肥可以增加玉米株高、叶片长和叶片宽,提高玉米叶绿素含量.未隔根处理玉米成熟期的根干质量与隔根处理相比差异不显著.在0.1、0.3、0.5和0.7g·kg-1施氮水平下,未隔根处理的单株生物量分别增加8.8%、6.3%、3.6%和0.7%,单株经济产量分别增加17.7%、10.0%、8.2%和0.9%.未隔根处理真菌和固氮菌数量与隔根相比显著增高;随着施氮水平的提高,根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均呈逐渐增加趋势,而固氮菌的数量呈先增加后下降的趋势.玉米成熟期的根冠比与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量呈显著负相关,与固氮菌数量相关性不显著.根系互作有利于改善玉米植株生长,增加玉米产量和根际微生物数量,但其效果会随供氮水平的提高而减弱.

A field experiment with root separation was conducted to study the effects of root interaction in maize-soybean intercropping system on the plant growth and grain yield of maize and its rhizosphere microorganisms under different nitrogen fertilization levels （0. 1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 g · kg-^1）. Root interaction and nitrogen fertilization had positive effects on the plant height, leaf length and width, and leaf chlorophyll content of maize. Less difference was observed in the root dry mass of maize at maturing stage between the treatments root separation and no root separation. However, as compared with root separation, no root separation under the nitrogen fertilization levels 0.1, 0. 3,0. 5, and 0.7 g · kg-^1 increased the biomass per maize plant by 8.8% , 6.3%, 3.6% , and 0. 7%, and the economic yield per maize plant by 17.7%, 10.0%, 8.2%, and 0.9%, respectively. No root separation increased the quantity of rhizosphere fungi and azotobacteria significantly, as compared with root separation. With increasing nitrogen fertilization level, the quantity of rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes presented an increasing trend, while that of rhizosphere azotobacteria decreased after an initial increase. The root-shoot ratio of maize at maturing stage was significantly negatively correlated with the quantity of rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, but less correlated with the quantity of rhizosphere azotobacteria. It was suggested that the root interaction in maize-soybean intercropping system could improve the plant growth of maize and increase the maize yield and rhizosDhere microbial auantitv, but the effect would be decreasedwith increasing nitrogen fertilization level.