单侧完全性唇腭裂胎儿宫内手术修复的解剖学基础

Anatomic basis on fetal intrauterine surgical repair of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate

目的为单侧性唇腭裂胎儿宫内手术修复提供解剖学基础。方法制作和观察21～32周正常和单侧完全性唇腭裂胎儿头颈部血管铸型标本,比较他们唇腭部血供的来源及吻合情况。结果①正常胎儿唇腭部的血供主要由上唇动脉、鼻翼下缘动脉和腭大动脉组成。两侧上唇动脉在中线附近吻合成上唇动脉弓,并在鼻中隔前下部形成浅深两层血管网,且上唇动脉鼻中隔支也与腭大动脉穿支相互吻合;②单侧完全性唇腭裂胎儿唇腭部血供由于患侧裂隙的阻隔,导致左右上唇动脉不能吻合成弓,患侧腭大动脉穿过骨残端与患侧鼻腔内的血管相吻合。结论单侧完全性唇腭裂胎儿唇腭部血管非常丰富,尤以上唇动脉和腭大动脉为血供主干。

Objective To provide anatomic basis for fetal intrauterine surgical repair of complete cleft lip and palate. Methods Vascular cast specimens of the head and neck from 21 ～ 32W normal fetus and unilateral complete cleft lip and palate fetus were carried out. Blood supply source and arterial anastomosis of lip and palate were observed and compared. Results ① For healthy fetus, blood supply of lip and palate mainly came from superior labial artery, nasal alar artery and greater palatine artery. The arterial arch formed by the anastomosis between the left and the right superior labial artery. The superficial and deep vascular networks were formed in nasal septum,and the nasal septum branch of superior labial artery anastomosed with the perforator branch of greater palatine artery. ② Due to the slit separation, The lip and palate vessels of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate fetus absent the anastomosis between the left and the right superior labial artery, however the greater palatine artery and nasal vessel anastomosed with each other through bone stump. Conclusions For fetus of cleft lip and palate, blood supply of the lip and palate was plentiful, especially for superior labial artery and greater palatine artery.