单项指数和综合指数在某蓄电池厂职业危害现状评价中的应用

Single index and composite index used for present evaluation of occupational hazards of a storage battery factory

目的探讨单项指数和综合指数在职业危害现状评价中的应用及存在的问题。方法选择扬州市某蓄电池厂为研究对象,采用现场职业卫生学调查和危害因素检测,应用单项指数法和综合指数法对结果进行分析和评价。结果整改前:铅尘点合格率为57.1%,最高超标3.2倍(涂片岗位);铅烟点合格率为37.5%,最高超标3.67倍(铸焊岗位);噪声点合格率为90.9%,最高超标3.1dB(A)(制粉岗位);氢氧化钠、硫酸、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等项未超标;综合指数I=1.63,职业危害等级为IV级,该项目卫生工程防护措施不合格。整改后:铅尘合格率为85.7%,最高超标0.92倍(涂膏岗位);铅烟合格率为75.0%,最高超标0.67倍(拉网岗位);I=0.81,职业危害等级为I级,该项目卫生工程防护措施合格。结论单项指数和综合指数法适合于超标点数较少且超标水平不高,依据目前的工艺设备、控制措施及防护条件不能或很难达到职业有害因素全部合格的项目评价,评价过程中还必须结合实际情况,综合作出评价结论。

Objective To study the method of single index and composite index used for present evaluation of occupational hazards. Methods A battery factory of Yangzhou was chosen, the occupational hygienic investigation and occupational hazards detection were conducted. The single index and composite index method were used for analysis and evaluation. Results Before the reformation, The qualified rate of lead dust was 57.1%, the highest exceeded the standard with 3.2 times （smearing site）. The qualified rate of lead smoke was 37.5 %, the highest exceeded the standard with 3.67 times （ casting welding site）. The qualified rate of noise was 90.9%, the highest exceeded the standard with 3.1 dB（A） （powder site）. Sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, benzene, toluene, xylene and other projects were not exceeded the standard. Occupational hazard grade is IV, the hygienic protection project of this program was unqualified. After reformation, the qualified rate of lead dust was 87.5% , the highest exceed the standard with 0.92 times （ smearing site）, the qualified rate of lead smoke was 75 % , the highest overweight of the standard with 0.67 times （pulling site）. Combining all factors, I = 0.81, occupational hazard grade was I, the hygienic protection project of this program was qualified. Conclusion This method is available for less exceeding points and lower overweight level, on the basis of the present technology, equipment and protective level cannot or difficult to be qualified overall. On the other hand, this evaluation process must be considered with the actual situation to implement.