河北北部偏远农村留守中小学生心理健康状况调查分析

Investigation on mental health of left-behind primary and secondary school students in northern remote rural of Hebei Province

目的:调查河北北部偏远农村留守中小学生心理健康现状,阐明农村留守中小学生存在的心理问题及其影响因素,为制定有效干预措施提供依据。方法:采用整群分层抽样的方法,抽取河北省北部偏远地区留守学生超过在校学生50%的5所中学和2所小学中的2 040名10～16岁中小学生,运用自制一般情况问卷、心理健康诊断测验(MHT)量表进行问卷调查,分析父母外出打工对留守中小学生心理健康状况的影响。结果:北部偏远农村中小学生留守率为65.69%,农村留守中小学生心理健康状况较差,心理健康问题的检出率为34.50%,非留守学生检出率为14.50%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父母双方均外出打工的留守中小学生心理症状检出率(38.23%)高于父母单方外出打工的留守学生(29.09%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析,母亲单方打工和父母双方打工是留守中小学生心理健康问题的危险因素。结论:留守中小学生易发生心理问题,提示留守中小学生心理健康问题值得社会重视。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the left-behind primary and secondary school students in the northern remote rural of Hebei Provice and to clarify the problems and their related factors and to provide the basis for making effective intervention measures.Methods The questionnaire survey was made by using the self-made general situation questionnaire,MHT scales and stratified cluster sampling among 2 040 students aging 10-16 who were from five secondary schools and two primary schools in Weichang county in the northern remote rural of Hebei Province in which the left-behind students were over 50%.The effects of both parents being migrant workers on the left-behind students were analyzed.Results In the northern remote rural,the left-behind rate of the primary and secondary school students was 65.69%,the left-behind students were in poor mental health and the detection rate of their mental health problems was 34.50% while the detection rate of non-left-behind students was 14.50%.There was statistically significant difference between two groups（P0.05）;the detection rate of mental health problems of the left-behind students whose parents were both migrant workers（38.23%） was higher than that of the students whose father or mother was a migrant worker（29.09%）,the difference had statistical significance（P0.05）.The result of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the migrant working of mother or both parents were dangerous factors of the mental health problems for the left-behind primary and secondary school students.Conclusion The left-behind students easily present mental health problems which indicates that the mental health problems of left-behind primary and secondary students deserves social attention.