常见烷烃爆炸特性研究

Analysis on explosive characteristics of alkanes

为了规避在工业和生活中烷烃爆炸事故的发生和提高对烷烃爆炸特性的认识,采用20L球型爆炸实验装置,测试了常温、0.1MPa条件下甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷的爆炸压力。结果表明,随着各烷烃含量的增加,4种烷烃的最大爆炸压力变化趋势为先增大后减小,当在化学反应计量比附近时,达到最大值,4种烷烃最大爆炸压力分别为1.3 MPa、1.2 MPa、1.3 MPa、1.3 MPa。经函数拟合,发现浓度与最大爆炸压力呈抛物线关系且拟合度符合工程要求,且实验测得最大爆炸压力值与理论计算值基本相符。同时利用爆炸特性参数—爆炸指数K评价了4种烷烃的爆炸危害,得出K甲烷>K丙烷>K乙烷>K正丁烷,说明甲烷发生爆炸造成的危害是最大的。

The alkanes explosion accident have made major disasters to the industry and daily life. In order to avoid the alkanes explosion accident and improve the awareness of alkanes explosive characteristics, an experimental study on explosion pressure of different alkanes concentration at room temperature and initial pressure 0. 1 MPa con- dition by the 20L closed vessel were performed on methane, ethane, propane and butane. The research showed that the increase of initial concentration of the alkanes caused a significant increase and then decrease to the maximum explosion pressure of four alkanes. The maximum explosion pressure could get to the maximum value when the al- kanes concentration was at nearly stoichiometric ratio for the reaction of alkane-air mixtures, the value separately kept 1.3MPa,1.2MPa,1.3MPa and 1.3MPa. By function fitting it was found that the concentration and the maxi- mum explosion pressure obeyed parabolic relationship and the results complyed with engineering requirements, And the experimental values measured was consistent with the calculated value. Meanwhile, which the characteristic pa- rameters of the explosion - the explosion index K was applied to evaluate four alkanes explosion hazards derived Kmethane 〉 K propane〉 Kethane〉 K n-butane , the harm caused by methane explosion was the largest.