浸种温度与化学诱变剂对芝麻种子发芽的影响

Effects of Steeping Temperature and Chemical Mutagen on Seeds Germination of Sesame

为了探讨浸种温度及化学诱变剂对芝麻种子发芽的影响,在不同浸种温度下,研究了甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)不同(质量)浓度处理不同时间对芝麻种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,4℃浸种后,EMS处理时间超过4h或者EMS质量浓度大于10g/L时,3个芝麻品种均不能正常发芽,而25℃浸种后,10g/L EMS处理6h或15g/L EMS处理4h,3个品种仍能正常发芽。4℃和25℃浸种后,不同浓度NaN3处理下,3个品种均能正常发芽,但当6mmol/L NaN3处理12h时,4℃下浸种,3个品种的发芽率均低于50.0%,而25℃下浸种,3个品种的发芽率最低为69.3%。相同(质量)浓度、相同处理时间下,4℃浸种能更好地发挥EMS和NaN3的诱变作用。不同芝麻品种对EMS敏感性存在较大差异,对NaN3的敏感性差异较小。从诱变育种创造有益变异角度,建议4℃浸种24h后,以5g/L EMS诱变处理8h或4mmol/L NaN3诱变处理12h。

In order to study the effects of steeping temperature and chemical mutagen on seeds germination of sesame,sesame seeds were pre-soaked in water under 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 24 h,and the impact of different concentrations and treatment time of EMS and NaN3 on the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of sesame were studied. The results showed that the three sesame varieties pre-soaked in water under 4 ℃ could not germinate nor-mally in the treatment of EMS for more than 4 h or beyond 10 g/L,while those pre-soaked in wa-ter under 25 ℃ could germinate normally by treatment with 10 g/L of EMS for 6 h or 15 g/L of EMS for 4 h. In the treatment of NaN3 ,three sesame varieties could germinate normally after pre-soaked at both of degrees. Notably, the germination rate of sesame seeds pre-soaked under 4 ℃ was less than 50.0% by treatment with 6 mmol/L of NaN3 for 12 h,while the three sesame varie-ties had a germination rate above 69.3% after pre-soaked under 25 ℃. When sesame seeds were pre-soaked in water under 4 ℃, EMS and NaN3, in general, played better roles under the same treating combination of concentration and time duration. In addition, the sensitivity to the EMS varied greatly among different sesame varieties,while they had a close sensitivity to NAN3. In or-der to obtain the desirable mutations,it is recommended to select the application of 5 g/L of EMS for 8 h or 4 mmol/L of NaN3 for 12 h after the seeds pre-soaked in water under 4 ℃ for 24 h.