栗喉蜂虎营巢行为与巢洞特征

Nest-Building Behaviors and Nest Characteristics of Merops philippinus

分别于2007年4—7月和2011年4—6月,在云南保山市隆阳区潞江镇怒江河谷,采用焦点动物取样法对栗喉蜂虎巢位选择、营巢行为进行观察,并对巢洞特征进行测量。结果表明:研究地栗喉蜂虎皆行集群营巢,先迁入营巢地的栗喉蜂虎选择占据营巢断崖坡面的中央位置;挖掘巢洞始于2011年4月24日,新巢洞营巢期为(16.0±4.0)d;66.7%的巢洞有帮助鸟协助营巢,种群越大的营巢地,帮助比例越高,帮助鸟的存在可大幅提高挖掘进度;在用巢洞均为隧道型直洞,走向与营巢断崖坡面垂直,巢洞末端具椭圆形巢室,巢洞入口口径为(7.4±1.3)cm(n=124),平均深度为(84.3±15.6)cm(n=124);巢洞内外温度差异较大,但巢室内温度稳定,鲜有巢材。

Nesting location selection, nest-building behaviors and nest characteristics of Blue Tailed Bee-eaters （Merops philippinus） were investigated by focal animal sampling method at Lujiang Township by the Nujiang River Valley in Longyang District of Baoshan Municipality, Yunnan Province during April to July of 2007 and during April to June of 2011 respectively. Four nest-sites of different populations were observed. The results showed that the nests of Blue Tailed Bee-eaters were usually agglomerated in clusters. The central part of the bluffs was preferred for nest- ing habitat by the early immigrated individuals. The animals began to dig the nesting holes from April 24th of 2011, and the nest building period was about （ 16. 0 ±4. 0） days. 66.7% of the nests were built with helper birds. The greater population was inside the same nest-site, the higher proportion of the nests was built with helper birds. Help- ers could substantially enhance the excavation progress. The presently used nests were all in straight tunnel type verti- cal to the cliff, there were elliptical nest rooms in the terminal of the nest holes. The mean diameter of the nest hole entrance was （7.4 ± 1.3） cm （n = 124）, and the mean depth of the nest holes was （84.3 ± 15.6） cm （n = 124）. The temperature inside the nest rooms was relatively stable, although the temperature inside the nest hole was greatly different from that of the outside. Rarely there were nesting materials left inside the nest holes.