张载、吕大临与“性与天道”问题

Zhang Zai,LU Dalin and the "Xing and Tiandao" Issue

"性与天道"问题是宋代理学奠基者们所致力探讨的核心问题。在"性与天道"的探讨中,张载与吕大临以性善之性亦即仁义之性为中介将天道、天理与儒家的价值原则和人伦规范联系起来,他们既视儒家的价值原则和人伦规范为天道、天理的体现,以维护儒家价值原则和人伦规范的必然性、普遍性、合理性;同时亦视儒家的价值原则和人伦规范出于人自身本具之仁义之性,从而使儒家伦理学不失为一种康德所说的自律伦理学。

＂Xing and Tiandao＂ （human nature and Heaven Nature） is a key issue for the neo- Confucian scholars in Song Dynasties In this paper, I try to analyze and elaborate the shcolars＇explorations through a case study of the discussion between Zhang Zai and his student Lti Dalin. It is found that, in their discussion on Xing and Tiandao, Zhang and Lti correlate Tiandao （Heaven nature） , Tianli （Heaven rules） and the Confucian values and ethical norms via the mediation of good human nature, i.e. Ren Yi nature （benovelence） . On one hand, they regard the Confucian values and ethical norms as a reflection of Heaven nature and Heaven rules, so to justify the necessity, universality and rationality of Confucian doctrines; on the other hand, they see the Confucian values and norms as benevolence nature inherent in human, thus making the Confucian ethics a kind of ＂self-discipline ethics＂ in Kantian term.