直升机飞行人员停飞疾病谱分析

Disease spectra of grounded helicopter aircrews

目的观察直升机飞行人员停飞疾病谱特点,为航卫保障提供参考依据。方法收集2001年1月-2010年12月在我院停飞的直升机飞行员63名85例次病例资料,按疾病、涉及专业及不同年龄段进行分类统计,并与既往报道的歼击机飞行员资料进行比较。结果排在停飞疾病谱前10位的是头痛、颈腰椎病、地面晕厥、神经症、高血压、脑外伤后综合征、病毒性肝炎、慢性肾炎、屈光不正、发作性眩晕等;与歼击机飞行员资料比较,空中晕厥的构成比低(χ2=7.02,P<0.01),其他前5种疾病的构成比无明显差别。各年龄段均有停飞者,与歼击机飞行员相比23-30岁年龄段的停飞构成比高(χ2=9.11,P<0.01),35-39岁年龄段停飞构成比低(χ2=5.39,P<0.05),其他年龄段无明显差别。结论直升机飞行人员和歼击机飞行员相比,加速度耐力不良的停飞率低;停飞年龄段的构成比有所不同。头痛、颈腰椎病、地面晕厥、神经症和高血压在两组中均是停飞的主要疾病。

Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support by observing the characteristics of disease spectra in permanently grounded helicopter aircrews. Methods Medical record data about 62（85 cases/time） grounded helicopter aircrews admitted to our hospital from January 2001 to December 2010 were collected and stratified according to their disease, involved specialty and age. The data were compared with the reported findings in fighter pilots. Results The top 10 diseases causing permanent grounding of helicopter aircrews were headache, cervical and lumbar spine disorders, ground syncope, neurosis, hypertension, post- traumatic brain syndrome, viral hepatitis, chronic nephritis, ametropia, and episodic vertigo. The proportion of grounded helicopter aircrews with air syncope was lower than that of fighter pilots（ χ2=7.02, P〈0.01）. However, no significant difference was observed in the proportion of the other 5 diseases. The proportion of 23-30 years old grounded helicopter aircrews was higher while the proportion of 35-39 years old grounded helicopter aircrews was lower than that of fighter pilots（χ2=9.11, P〈0.01; χ 2=5.39, P〈0.05）. No significant difference was found in the proportion of grounded helicopter aircrews at different ages. Conclusion The proportion of grounded helicopter aircrews with a poor acceleration tolerance is lower than that of fighter pilots. The proportion of grounded helicopter aircrews and fighter pilots is different at different ages. The leading diseases causing permanent grounding of helicopter aircrews and fighter pilots are headache, cervical and lumbar spine diseases, ground syncope, neurosis and hypertension.