论语用学视域中的法律推理

The Legal Reasoning in Pragmatics Horizon

语用学是从微观、语言的层面分析和把握法律推理的新视角。在语用学规范性视域中,法律推理是一种融合话语行为、命题行为和语用行为的交互言语行为。其中,"说者"与"听者"都是法律推理主体;达成合理共识是法律推理的目的和原动力;遵守合作原则是法律推理语言有效性的保证。语境通过语言选择的"装扮"来影响法律推理,是影响话语权分配、共识达成及合作原则遵守与否的关键因素。改善语境是发展法律推理的必由之路。

Pragmatics is a new perspective from microcosmic and language level to analyze and grasp legal reasoning. In the field of pragmatics, legal reasoning is a mutual discourse behavior. Among it, the Speaker and the Listener are all subjects, and their participation and interactive role guarantee the interoperability; Reasonable consensus is the purpose, which is the driving force of the speech act ; Cooperation principle is the language rule, which decides the validity of the language itself. Context through language choose to influence legal reasoning. To improve the context is the important way of legal reasoning development.