锦屏县不同地貌气候类型区耕地土壤养分变异分析

Analysis of Nutrient Variability in Cultivated Soil from Regions with Different Landforms and Climates in Jinping County

调查分析了锦屏县不同地貌气候类型区耕地土壤养分变异情况,以期为改良土壤和作物施肥提供依据。根据该县地貌和气候类型以及种植制度等的相似性,把该县分为四个不同地貌气候类型区。对不同区耕地土壤养分进行分析,结果发现,不同区耕地土壤养分变异明显,其中速效钾、有机质、全氮变异较大,变异系数分别为0.209、0.195和0.151,且有一定规律性;有效磷变异相对较弱,其变异系数为0.127 7,变异较为复杂。土壤养分含量出现山地比坝区高、高海拔地区比低海拔地区高的变异特点和规律。对变异原因进行分析认为,地貌和气候及其相应的土壤质地因素是有机质和全氮变异的主因,耕作制度、作物产量和施肥习惯是速效钾变异的主因。

The situations of nutrient variability in cultivated soil from regions with different landforms and climates in Jinping County were investigated and analyzed in order to provide references for soil improvement and crop fertilization. According to the types of landform and climate and comparability of cropping system in this county, four different areas of landform and climate were divided to, and the nutrient in cultivated soil from different areas were analyzed. The results showed that the nutrient in cultivated soil from different areas had obvious variability, in which the available potassium, organic matter and total nitrogen varied greatly, and their coefficient of variation was 0.209, 0.195 and 0.151, respectively with a certain rules. The available phosphor varied little but complicated, and its coefficient of variation was 0.1277. The nutrient content in soil showed a variation rule that mountain area was higher than dam area, and high altitude area was higher than low altitude area. To analyze the variation causes, the results indicated that landform, climate and their corresponding soil characters are the main causes for variation of organic matter and total nitrogen, and the farming system, crop yield and fertilizer habits are the main causes for variation of available potassium.