钾肥对向日葵产量和品质的调控效应

Regulating Effect of Potassium on the Yield and Quality of Sunflower

为科学合理利用钾肥,进一步提高向日葵产量和品质,研究了不同施钾用量对向日葵主要农艺性状、产量潜力、经济效益及品质性状的影响。结果表明:钾肥的施加不仅增加了单株籽实重和百粒重,也提高了向日葵的结实率,但对皮壳率没有大的影响,施用钾肥能有效提高向日葵油脂和蛋白质含量,并能够降低虫蚀率,对水分含量影响不明显。综合考虑钾肥对农艺性状、产量、经济效益及品质的影响效果,K2O用量在250～350kg.hm-2比较适宜,其中T7处理即K2O用量300kg.hm-2较对照增产50.68%,而且经济效益最高,同时农艺性状和品质也较好。

In order to scientifically and rationally use of potassium to further improve the yield and quality of sunflower, the experiment was conducted to observe the effect of the different amount of potassium fertilizer on sunflower agronomic traits, yield potential,economic benefit and quality traits. The results showed that potassi- um fertilizer application not only increased seed weight per plant and lO0-seed weight, but also improved seed setting rate of sunflower, but had little effect on the husk content,potassium fertilizer application could effec- tively improve the oil and the protein content of sunflower and reduce the rate of worm-eaten, but didn＇t have a significant effect on moisture content. Taking the effect of potassium on main agronomic traits, yield,economic benefit and quality into account, potassium dosage in 250 - 350 kg·hm^-2 was more appropriate, the yield in- crease rate of T7 treatment was 50.68% compared with the control, and economic benefit was the highest, while the agronomic traits and quality were also good.