不同混播方式豆禾混播草地生产性能的综合评价

A comprehensive evaluation of the productive performance of legume-grass mixtures under different mixed sowing patterns

对红豆草、紫花苜蓿、红三叶、鸭茅、无芒雀麦和猫尾草6种豆禾牧草在混播种类为混3-1(鸭茅、无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿混播)、混3-2(鸭茅、无芒雀麦和红豆草混播)、混4-1(鸭茅、无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿、红三叶混播)、混4-2(鸭茅、无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿、红豆草混播)、混5-1(鸭茅、无芒雀麦、猫尾草和紫花苜蓿、红三叶混播)、混5-2(鸭茅、无芒雀麦、猫尾草和紫花苜蓿、红豆草混播)和混6(6种豆禾牧草混播)与混播比例为豆禾比5∶5,4∶6和3∶7条件下建立的混播草地连续2年的生产性能进行了灰色关联度分析,并建立了包含牧草产量、牧草营养品质、种间相容性和群落稳定性在内的生产性能评价模型。结果表明,混6组合具有较高生产性能,且高于其他混播种类组合,而不同混播比例组合生产性能相差不大;根据各混播组合的生产性能,可将21个混播组合分为3类,生态稳定型(混6)种间相容性、群落稳定性及产量均较高,适宜长期持续利用;产量型(混5-2、混4-2和混3-2)产量较高,牧草品质较差,特别是叶茎比较低,适宜放养耐粗饲牲畜;营养品质型(混5-1、混4-1和混3-1)产量较低,牧草营养品质较高,特别是具较高叶茎比,适宜放养对牧草品质要求较高牲畜。

The productive performance of legume-grass mixtures was analyzed with the grey correlative system in seven combinations of 6 species mixtures（Onobrychis viciaefolia,Medicago sativa,Trifolium pratense,Dactylis glomerata,Bromus inermis,and Phleum pratense）,5-1 species mixture（M.sativa,T.pratense,D.glomerata,B.inermis,and P.pratense）,5-2 species mixture（M.sativa,O.viciaefolia,D.glomerata,B.inermis,and P.pratense）,4-1 species mixture（M.sativa,T.pratense,D.glomerata,and B.inermis）,4-2 species mixture（M.sativa,O.viciaefolia,D.glomerata,and B.inermis）,3-1 species mixture（M.sativa,D.glomerata,and B.inermis）,3-2 species mixture（O.viciaefolia,D.glomerata,and B.inermis）.Three sowing ratios were used to establish evaluation models of productive performance including forage yield,forage quality,interspecific compatibility and community stability.The productive performance of the 6 species mixture performed better than the other mixed sowing species combinations,whereas the productive performance was not significantly different between three sowing ratios.The combinations were divided into three groups based on performance： ecological stability,forage yield and forage quality.The 6 species mixture belonged to the ecological stability type and was characterized by its better performance in interspecific compatibility,community stability and forage yield.This type was recommended for sustainable use.The forage yield type included 5-2 species,4-2 species,and 3-2 species mixtures,and was characterized by their better performance in forage yield but poorer performance in forage quality.This type could be utilized to provide large quantity roughage.The forage quality type included 5-1 species,4-1 species,and 3-1 species mixtures,and was characterized by their better performance in forage quality but poorer performance in forage yield.This type could be utilized to provide high quality forage.