明朝休闲体育主体多元化研究

Diversification of leisure sports participants in the Ming Dynasty

明朝休闲体育活动五彩缤纷,活动主体具有多元化特征,不同主体选择的活动方式和内容也有差异。明朝皇族观赏马球比赛或棋弈对决,坐雪橇溜冰;官僚士大夫和文人墨客出行旅游或养生保健,市民阶层摔跤、打秋千、拔河、放风筝,其中以妓女为代表的明朝女性热衷于踢鞠。宋明理学是明朝休闲体育勃发的思想基础,理学自然和谐观与社会和谐观推动皇族官僚积极投入休闲体育活动,理学主观唯心主义学说对市民阶层及女性休闲观念的深化产生了不可忽视的影响。明朝休闲体育主体多元化对当今具有借鉴意义,发扬明朝的休闲体育观念,我们应当鼓励并提倡全民参与。

Leisure sports in the Ming Dynasty are characterized by participants＇ diversity. Each group chooses different activities and content. Ming royal members watch polo match or chess match, skate in the sleigh; Bureaucratic literati travel or give special care to health; Public class wrestle, swing, play tug of war and fly kite, indicating features of popularity. Prostitutes, the representative of the Ming women subgroup, are keen to play former football. Ming Neo- Confucianism is the ideological foundation of leisure sports thriving. At beginning, Neo- Confucianism emphasizes the natural integration between man and the universe and the social harmony between people, motivating different participants to join in leisure sports. Later, science of mind, another school of Neo-Confueianism, also wakens the individual participant＇ s self-consciousness and deepens their concept of leisure sports activities. The diversification of Ming leisure sports gives us reference today. At that time the rich and the poor, the young and the old, ＂all love leisure sports. In order to carry forward the leisure sports concept, we should encourage and promote full participation in leisure sports activities.