从古文字看商周祭祀制度的演变

The Evolvement or Sacrificial System in System in Shang and Zhou dynasties by Researching on Ancient Writing

商人非常迷信，祭祀特别频繁。周人在商人的废墟上立国，传承殷商祭祀文化，并进行了诸多改革，从而形成独特的周文化。从商至周，祭法由繁趋简，祭祀对象由天神、地祗、人鬼几乎无所不祭转向主要祭祀血缘近亲，祭品种类、数量由多变少，祭祀场所主要转向宫内，祭祀观念中渗入新的内容“德”，并以祖德来调节人与社会的关系。

The people in the Shang dynasty were extremely superstitious and offered sacrifices to ghosts and gods very frequently. The people in the Zhou dynasty destroyed the Shang and founded their own country. Through plenty of vital reforms on the sacrificial culture of the Shang, the unique culture of Zhou took shape. From Shang to Zhou, the sacrificial objects changed greatly, transforming heaven-gods, earth-gods, ghosts and ancestors mainly to ancestors in three generations, sacrificial category and amount of oblations became less, the sacrificial methods also were simplified. And sacrificial Places were set in palaces. Moreover, moral, a new idea, immersed into the religious culture, and the relation between human and society was adjusted with ancestral morals.