从生命伦理到生命法

From bioethics to bio-law

20世纪下半叶以来,生命科技的发展极大地增进了人类的福祉,但也引生了大量伦理与法律问题,使得生命科技的伦理调整与法律规范成为必然。在生命科技发展的过程中,生命伦理发挥了重要的引领作用,它以其自身特定的机制保障着生命科技的健康发展。生命伦理与生命法存在着明显区别,这些区别使得生命伦理在现代生命科技社会中无法独立承担引领生命科技健康发展的使命,而必须与生命法共同在生命科技社会治理中发挥作用。在现代生命科技社会中,生命法具有不可取代的重要作用,正是基于此,20世纪70年代以来,各国兴起了一场生命伦理法律化的运动,纷纷强化了本国的生命法制建设,改变了以往单纯依赖生命伦理调整生命科技活动的历史,使法律也参与到生命科技的规制中来。人类生命科技治理必然要经历一个由单纯依赖生命伦理到依赖生命法与生命伦理相结合的发展阶段。当前,我国生命立法还存在诸多不足,难以适应生命科技发展的现实需要,需要采取相应的完善对策。

The development of biotechnology since the second half of the twentieth century has brought great benefit to human beings,while it also aroused many legal as well as ethical problems,which makes it necessary for bioethics and law to involve in.During the development of biotechnology,bioethics plays a leading role in ensuring the healthy development of biotechnology through its special mechanism.Bioethics is different from bio-law,which makes it hard to assume solely the task of leading the development of biotechnology healthily,but should cooperate with bio-law.In a modern biotechnological time,bio-law plays an irreplaceable role.For this reason,there has arose a movement of legalization of bioethics from1970’s in many countries,which have enacted many a bio-law and thus changed the history of bioethics supervising respectively in biotechnology while made laws involving in.The governance of biotechnology of human is sure to transfer from the pattern of relying on bioethics only to the pattern of ruling by bioethics as well as law.There are some deficiencies in China’s biolaws,which make it difficult for the laws to meet the need of the development of biotechnology and should be perfected.