套作大豆贮藏蛋白、氨基酸组成分析及营养评价

Storage Protein and Amino Acid Composition Analysis and Nutrition Evaluation of Relay-Cropped Soybean

目的:分析不同品质类型套作大豆贮藏蛋白、氨基酸组分特征,对套作大豆蛋白质的营养价值进行评价。方法:使用近红外谷物分析仪、氨基酸分析仪等测定大豆蛋白质、氨基酸等指标。结果:套作大豆蛋白质平均含量48.71%,贮藏蛋白7S、11S相对含量分别为24.94%和67.57%,11S/7S比值高达2.74,高蛋白型套作大豆D3(中江+月黄)贮藏蛋白11S/7S高达3.08,比其净作(11S/7S比值为2.89)极显著升高0.19(P=0.001);套作大豆氨基酸总量达到37.3%,其中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的38%以上,接近或高于FAO/WHO、全蛋参考模式同种氨基酸含量;FAO/WHO参考模式下套作大豆5种化学评分:氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)和必需氨基酸相对比值(EAARR)分别为64.34、76.82、82.10、83.06、78.06,与净作相比分别变化:2.38(P=0.002)、3.01(P=0.012)、0.03(P=0.209)、0.45(P=0.202)、-0.19(P=0.754)。结论:套作大豆具有与净作大豆一致甚至更高的氨基酸营养价值,11S/7S比值更合理,可保证大豆蛋白制品的品质。因此选择综合营养价值高的大豆品种与玉米进行套作种植。

Objective： To analyze the storage protein and amino acid composition and evaluate the nutritional value of three different relay-cropped soybean cultivars： Guixia No.3,Gongxuan No.1 and Zhongjiang Shiyuehuang.Methods： Soybean protein was determined using a near infrared grain analyzer,and amino acid composition was determined using an automatic amino acid analyzer.Results： The average content of relay-cropped soybean protein was 48.71%,and the relative contents of storage protein 7S and 11S were 24.94% and 67.57%,respectively.As far as the high-protein cultivar Zhongjiang Shiyuehuang was concerned,relay-cropped soybean had a storage protein 11S/7S ratio as high as 3.08,which was significantly increased by 0.19（P = 0.001） compared with that of（2.89） of solo-cropped soybean.The average amino acid content in relay-cropped soybean was 37.3%,and the average ratio of essential to total amino acids was not less than 38%,close to or larger than that obtained from the FAO/WHO standard or the whole egg reference pattern.According to the FAO/WHO reference pattern,the amino acid score（AAS）,chemical score（CS）,essential amino acid index（EAAI）,score of RCAA（SRCAA） of relay-cropped soybean were 64.34,76.82,82.10,83.06 and 78.06,respectively,with variations of 2.38（P = 0.002）,3.01（P = 0.012）,0.03（P = 0.209）,0.45（P = 0.202） and-0.19（P = 0.754） when compared with solo-cropping soybean.Conclusion： Relay-cropped soybean has the same or even higher nutritional value as solo-cropped soybean and more reasonable 11S/7S ratio which is good for the quality of soybean protein products.As a consequence,it is necessary to select highly nutritional soybean cultivars for relay-cropping with corn.