创新劳动价值论与劳动价值论创新

The Theory about the Value of Innovation Labor and the Innovation of the Theory about Labor Value

马克思的劳动价值论在当代所面临的最严峻挑战,无疑是创新劳动所创造的巨大价值与社会必要劳动时间不像常规劳动时间那样线性相关。常规劳动与创新劳动的真正区别,在于劳动的量和质。劳动创造价值是常规劳动中量的累积和创新劳动中质的创造的统一。创新劳动的价值与劳动时间的量不具有计量意义上的关联,劳动价值量应以社会必要劳动时间和基于人的需要的市场需求两种方式来度量。作为一种社会关系,价值与人的需要密切相关,马克思的劳动价值论内在地包含效用因素。创新劳动价值的生成进一步揭示了劳动是价值的根本源泉这一基本事实;商品的价值由社会必要劳动时间及其能满足人的需求的状况所决定。在劳动的量的基础上进一步考虑劳动的质,就形成了创新劳动价值论;而在劳动的质的基础上进一步考虑供求关系,则形成了建立在人的需要基础上的劳动价值论。无论创新劳动价值论还是劳动价值论创新,都是马克思劳动价值论的合理展开。

What Marxist theory about the value of labor has been confronted with the most severe challenge is that the correlation between the value of innovation labor and the labor time is nonlinear. The essential deference between general labor and innovation labor is the quantity and quality of labor. The process of labor creates value is the unification of the quantitative accumulation in general labor and the qualitative creation in innovation labor. There is not any significant, measurably, association between the value of innovation labor and the quantity of labor time. The quantity of the value of labor should be measured in two ways： the socially necessary labor time and the needs of the market. The value, as a social relation, is closely related to human needs. The creation of the value of innovation labor revealed further a basic fact that labor is the ultimate source of value. Marxist theory about the value of labor included internally the factor of utility. The value of the commodity is indeterminate by the socially necessary labor time and the status of satisfying human needs. The theory about the value of innovation labor is the theory about the value of labor which takes into account of the quality, besides the quantity of labor. And the theory about the value of labor that took into account of the relation of supply and demand is the theory about the value of labor which based on human needs.