论电影作者的法律确认——以我国《著作权法》第15、21条的修改为背景

On the Confirmation of Film Authors in the Vision of Copyright Law——In the Background of the Modification in Rule No.15 and No.21 of Copyright Act in China

在电影〔1〕作者的确认上,各国有浪漫主义与实用主义两种不同的立法理念。两种不同的立法理念使得各国在电影作者的确认上出现差异。有国家主张电影作者只能是自然人,有国家确信电影作者可以是法人或其他组织;有国家明确电影制片人的作者身份,有国家立法则否认制片人的电影作者身份。从我国的实际情况来看,我国立法应以创作作为基本原则来判定谁是电影作者,并从举证便捷与法律安全的角度出发,列明电影作者的基本名单。

There are two legislative philosophies in confirming the identity of film authors, namely, the ro- manticism and the pragmatism, which therefore lead to the differences in the acknowledgement of film authors in various countries in the world. Some countries claims that film authors only refer to the nature person, whereas the others are firmly convinced that legal person and other organizations can be considered film authors as well. Some nations admit the authorship of film producers while the others disapprove of it. Based on the actual condition of China, the legislation shall regard the composition as the basic principle of identifying film authors; list the basic film authors from the perspectives of legal security and convenience of testification.