变应性鼻炎的细胞因子免疫机制进展

Advances in cytokine immune mechanisms of allergic rhinitis

变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）是耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科的常见病之一,是由IgE介导的鼻黏膜的Ⅰ型变态反应性疾病,病理过程包括速发相反应和迟发相反应。IgE主要由呼吸道黏膜的固有层浆细胞产生,在AR的发病中起关键作用。变应原进入机体后,被抗原呈递细胞（antigen-presen-ting cells,APC）吞噬,经细胞内吞噬溶酶体降解后的变应原位于APC表面。

Allergic rhinitis is a common diseas,which was released by the IgE-mediated atopic individuals exposed to allergens in the earlier researches.However,there are variety of immunocompetent cells and cytokines involved in the nasal mucosa immunologic mechanism in nowadays researches.The mechanism of AR is caused by the imbalance of the Th1 / Th2,a kind of allergic inflammation who is characterized by the nasal Th2immune response dominant.Th1cells mainly produce of IFN-gamma（does not include IL-4and IL-5）,Th2cells produce IL-4,IL-5,IL-9and IL-13（not including IFN-gamma）.Recently it was found that regulatory T cells（T regulatory cells,Treg） and Th17cell research played a crucial role in the occurrence of allergic inflammation.