摘要
哺乳动物卵巢中是否存在卵细胞再生(neo-oogenesis)及卵巢生殖干细胞一直是生殖生物学领域的争议热点之一。传统观点认为哺乳动物雌性个体出生后不再有新的卵细胞生成,即个体出生时生殖细胞已发育到原始卵泡(primordial follicle)阶段,停留在第一次减数分裂前期的双线期(diplotene),之后卵泡池中的配子或凋亡,或重新启动发育,没有生殖干细胞通过再生来产生新的卵子补充到卵泡库中。然而,近年的研究结果发现,小鼠和人卵巢中可以分离出一类生殖细胞,它们在体外培养条件下具有增殖和自我更新的能力,移植入卵巢后可以分化形成有功能的卵细胞,从而挑战了这一传统理念。但是,生理条件下卵巢中是否也存在这样一类生殖干细胞,其生理功能如何。该文就此方面的研究现状和未来发展进行评述。
Whether or not oogenesis continues after birth in mammalian ovaries remains controversial. Since the 1950＇s, it has been generally accepted that oogenesis takes place during embryogenesis in mammals and ceases at birth. At birth, germ cells in mammalian ovaries have progressed to the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase and have formed primordial follicles with surrounding somatic cells. These primordial follicles represent follicle reserves of the reproductive life. However, this view has been recently challenged by a growing body of evidence showing the isolation and propagation of germ stem cells from mouse and human ovaries. These ovarian germ stem cells are capable of regenerating functional oocytes when transplanted back into recipient ovaries. Despite the discovery of the potential germ stem cells in mammalian ovaries, it remains uncertain whether these cells exist and function in ovaries under physiological conditions. Herein we review the current progress and future direction in this infant area.
基金
中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室2012开放课题(GREKF12-8)
