小麦品种烟农23号的选育与育种思路、策略分析

Design Ideas and Breeding Strategies for New Wheat Variety Yannong 23

为提高育种预见性和选择效率,对高产稳产小麦新品种烟农23号的育种设计思路与选育策略进行了探讨。认为:正确的育种计划与选育思路是育种工作者摆脱盲目性、提高科学性的有效途径。在杂交方式上,采用复式阶梯杂交,实现优良基因的转移、互补、重组、积累,逐渐优化性状组合;选育策略上采用多组合小群体筛选组合与少组合大群体选育品种相结合,重点组合重点选择;在杂种后代处理上采用以穗代株选择法,较好地综合了系谱法和混合法的优点,增强了选择性和目标性,提高了育种成效;在高代品系鉴定上,创造育种环境的多样化,使育成品种的主要目标性状得到全面鉴评,有利于选育出丰产性、稳产性、多抗性和广适性结合较好的基因型,达到以空间争取时间的目的。

Yannong 23 was a new wheat variety with high and stable yield. In order to improve breeding foreseeability and selection efficiency, the design ideas and breeding strategies for Yannong 23 were discussed in this paper. It was thought that correct breeding program and breeding ideas were the effective way to improve scientificalness and get rid of blindness during wheat breeding. In hybrid way, using ladder hybrid could achieve the transfer, complementation, recombination and accumulation of good genes, and gradually optimize traits. In breeding strategies, use more combinations with small population to screen combinations, but fewer combinations with large population to breed varieties; selecting key combinations should be paid more attention. For hybrid progeny, individual selection was instead of spike selection, which synthesized the advantages of pedigree method and mass selection, enhanced the selectivity and purpose, and improved the breeding effect. In evaluating the advanced wheat strains, creating diversified breeding environment could make the main target characters of bred varieties be evaluated comprehensively, which was benefit to breeding varieties with wide adaptability, disease resistance, high and stable yield, so the purpose of utilizing space to saving time could be achieved.