LIDAR技术在内陆水系监测管理中应用综述

Application of LIDAR Technology to Monitoring and Management of Interior Water System

机载激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LIDAR)测距系统是20世纪90年代发展起来的高新技术,该系统是集激光、全球定位系统和惯性导航系统3种技术于一体的测量系统,能够快速、精确的获取物体三维数据。文章简要说明了LIDAR技术的基本原理。介绍了国外LIDAR技术在内陆河流监测中的应用,如河网测绘、河漫滩的监测管理、河岸侵蚀监测、洪水监测管理等内陆水系监测管理实例。通过对流域范围的LIDAR点云数据进行滤波与分类,建立数字高程模型,或结合使用地理信息系统、遥感影像、全球定位系统采集的数据,来实现上述实例。简要评述了LIDAR技术在内陆水域监测管理方面的优势,以及当前我国内陆水系监测管理的技术现状。通过国外典型案例说明LIDAR技术在我国内陆水系监测管理中广阔的应用前景。

Light detection and ranging（LIDAR）is an innovative and high technology developed in 1990s. LIDAR which is a survey system with light sensor, inertial navigation （INU）of aircraft and global position system is capable to derive a high resolution three dimensional data of objects rapidly. Basic principles of LIDAR technology was described, application of LIDAR system to interior rivers monitoring was introduced including rivers survey, floodplain monitoring and management, river bank erosion monitoring, flood monitoring and management. Digital elevation model was established based on filter and classification of point cloud data of river basin, or combined geographic information system, remote sense images and global position system for the applications of LIDAR technology. Advantage of LIDAR technology as well as technology on monitoring and management of inland water in China were reviewed. Application prospect of LIDAR technology on monitoring and management of inland waters in China was proposed through analysis of typical cases of abroad.