基于人居自然适宜性的黄土高原地区人口空间分布格局分析

The Spatial Distribution Pattern Analysis of Population in Loess Plateau Region Based on Nature Suitability for Human Settlement

选取地形、植被、水资源、气候和灾害等自然因子构建人居自然适宜性模型,进行人居自然适宜性测评,并基于人居自然适宜性对黄土高原地区人口空间分布格局进行分析。结果表明:①黄土高原地区人居自然适宜指数整体上呈现由内向外逐渐升高的对称分布,并以城市为据点形成高人居环境指数包围格局。②黄土高原地区人口密度分布整体上呈现从东南向西北依次减少的趋势,局部由城区向周围地区依次减小。人口密度与人居环境指数显著相关,随着人居环境适宜度的降低,人口密度降低。③黄土高原地区人居环境面积分配相对均衡,而人口分布较为集中。相较于2000年,2010年人口空间分布格局趋向于不均衡化,其中人口空间分布与降水和湿度的趋于不均衡化,与地形、植被覆盖和土壤侵蚀空间分布趋向于均衡,但程度不明显。

For the necessity of natural environment evaluation of human settlements, by choosing terrain, land cover, disasters, climates and water condition as the evaluation factors, based on Geographic Information System technique, this paper sets up the human settlements environment index human settlements in Loess Plateau with it. Under this Population in Loess Plateau. The results show that： （HEI） model and evaluates the natural environment suitability of foundation, this paper analysis the spatial distribution pattern of （1）The HEI in Loess Plateau Region presents the symmetric distribution gradually decreased from inside to outside in general and the high level in HEI surrounded pattem by the city for stronghold. （2） The distribution ＂of population density in Loess Plateau Region presents the decrease of the trend from southeast to northwest in general and from urban area to outside in local. With HEI suitability cutting, the population density decreased. The correlation between population density and HEI is significant. （3） The area allocation of HEI in Loess Plateau Region is relatively balanced, and population distribution is relatively concentrated. Compared with pattern in 2000, the spatial distribution pattern is unbalanced and unbalanced coefficient increases gradually.