国际贸易商品价格的进出口国议价能力评析——以中国和东盟为例

Comment and Analysis on the Bargaining Power of Commodity Price in International Trade between Importing and Exporting Countries:with the Case of China and ASEAN

商品价格是影响国际贸易发展的内在因素,而议价能力则是商品综合竞争力的外在表现。构建双边异质随机前沿的贸易商品合约价格模型,旨在探讨国家层面的国际贸易商品价格议价能力的实质。研究结论表明:国际贸易商品价格的议价能力具有不对称性,出口国的议价能力比进口国更具强势,更容易获取由商品议价所带来的利益。议价能力呈现出两大特征:一是出口国所获取的商品议价剩余逐年提高,相反地进口国所获取商品议价剩余逐年递减;二是经济相对落后的东盟小国,出口和进口商品价格的议价能力差异不大,经济发展越好的国家,其出口商品议价能力就越强并获取的利益更多。只有少数国家能获取贸易商品议价部分的较高剩余,大多数国家仅获取议价部分的较低剩余。关税对商品议价的效应较为明显,平均来看,中国和东盟的国际贸易商品合约价格水平下降有0.503%左右是由关税下降所带来的。

Commodity price is an internal factor affecting the development of international trade, while the bargaining power is an external manifestation of the commodity comprehensive competitiveness. By constructing a trade commodity contract-price model based on two-tier heterogenic random frontier, this paper aims to explore the essence of the bargaining power of the internationally traded commodity price at the nation level. The results indicate that the bargaining power of the intemationally traded commodity price has some asymmetry, due to the greater strength of the exporting countries than importing countries in commodity price negotiation, which benefits them to gain more profits from their stronger bargaining power. It is found that the bargaining power has two main characteristics： one is that the commodity bargaining surplus gained by exporting countries is increasing year by year, while that of the importing countries is on the contrary; the other is that as for those ASEAN small nations with relatively backward economy, their bargaining power has not much differences in their import and export goods. Countries with better developed economy can have stronger bargaining power for their exports and gain more benefits. Only a few countries could have access to higher surplus from part of goods bargaining, most of them can only obtain lower surplus from the bargaining part. The effects of tariffs on goods bargain is quite obvious, on average, about 0.503% decline of the price level of internationally traded commodity contracts between China and the ASEAN is brought about by the falling tariffs.