低聚阳离子表面活性剂的结构及性能

Structure and Performance of Oligomeric Cationic Surfactants

以甲醛水溶液、碘甲烷以及烷基伯胺为原料合成了疏水基链长不同的3种三聚型阳离子表面活性剂——1,3,5-三(十二(或十四、十六)烷基)-1,3,5-六氢三嗪碘化铵盐,记作B12、B14、B16,同时对其性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:所合成的低聚阳离子表面活性剂B12、B14、B16具有低的临界胶束浓度Ccmc值(分别为3.91×10-4mol/L、5.98×10-4mol/L和5.57×10-4mol/L)和较低的临界表面张力γcmc值(分别为30.63 mN/m、45.79mN/m和50.99 mN/m);而十二烷基三甲基氯化铵的Ccmc值和γcmc值分别为1.2×10-2mol/L和39.0 mN/m。所合成表面活性剂与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵相比具有更高乳化能力。在同系表面活性剂中,随着疏水碳链的增长,其降低表面张力的能力减弱,乳化性能增强,泡沫性能减弱。

Three new trimeric cationic surfactants with different hydrophobic chain length, 1,3,5-tri （dodecyl or tetradecyl or hexadecyl） -1,3,5 - hexahydro triazine ammonium iodide, named as B12, B14 and B16, were prepared from formaldehyde solution, methyl iodide and fatty amine, and the relative performances were evaluated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration Como of B12, B14, B16 were of 3.91 × 10^-4 tool/L, 5.98 × 10^-4 mol/L and 5.57 × 10^-4 mol/L, respectively, and the critical surface tension γcmc of B12, B14, B16 were of 30.63 mN/m, 45.79 mN/m and 50.99 mN/m, respectively. While the Corno and %me of the laurtrimonium chloride are of 1.2 × 10^-2 mol/L and 39.0 mN/m, respectively. Hence, the oligomeric cationic surfactants had stronger emulsifying capacity than that laurtrimonium chloride had. Among homologous surfactants, the ability of reducing surface tension decreased, emulsification performance enhanced and foaming capacity decreaseed with the hydrophobic chain length elongating.