石嘴山市儿童末梢全血中铅、镉含量及相关因素分析

Analysis on contents of lead and cadmium in peripheral whole blood of children and related factors in Shizuishan city

目的:了解石嘴山市儿童血铅、镉含量水平,分析异常者的相关因素。方法:选择2010年7月～2011年9月就诊的1 077例儿童,按年龄分成婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前组和学龄期组,使用BH2100T系列原子吸收光谱仪对儿童末梢全血中铅、镉进行分析,对异常者进行病因学调查。结果:各组儿童血镉含量均在正常范围内。幼儿组、学龄前组及学龄组儿童血铅增高率及增高水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),各组血铅异常儿童的男、女比例无差异;幼儿组、学龄前组及学龄组血铅增高者主要与不良习惯及居住环境有关,占比均超过70%。结论:石嘴山市儿童血铅升高水平及升高率随着年龄增大而升高,主要与不良习惯及居住环境有关。因而应改善环境,改变不良习惯及注意均衡饮食,合理补充微量元素,保证儿童健康成长。

Objective： To understand the contents of blood lead and cadmium in children in Shizuishan city, and analyze the relat- ed factors of children with abnormal contents of lead and cadmium. Methods： A total of 1 077 children were selected from the hospital from July 2010 to September 2011, then they were divided into infant group, small child group, preschool child group, and school child group ac- cording to age, BH2100T atomic absorption spectrometer was used to analyze the contents of lead and cadmium in peripheral whole blood of the children in the four groups, then an etiological investigation was conducted among the children with abnormal contents of lead and cadmi- um. Results： The contents of cadmium in children from the four groups were within normal range; there were statistically significant differ- ences in the incidence of high blood lead and increasing amplitude of blood lead among infant group, preschool child group, and school child group （P 〈 0. 05, P 〈 0. 01 ） ; there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of abnormal blood lead content between boys and girls in the four groups ; in infant group, preschool child group, and school child group, abnormal blood lead contents were related to ad- verse habits and living environment, accounting for more than 70%. Conclusion： The increasing amplitude of blood lead and the incidence of high blood lead increase with age, which are mainly correlated with adverse habits and living environment; to ensure growth of children healthily, the environment should be improved, the adverse habits should be changed, balanced diet should be adopted, and trace elements should be supplemented reasonably.