仿生超疏水性表面的生物应用

Biological Applications of Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces

自然给科学家和工程师带来仿生的灵感和启发.近年来,受自然界中荷叶的启发,在充分考虑表面形貌和化学组成协同效应的基础上,人们已经制备出许多仿生超疏水性表面,这些表面在抗结冰、微流体、生物相容性等领域具有很多潜在的应用价值.仿生超疏水性表面在生物领域的应用逐渐崭露头角,研究发现,超疏水性表面所俘获的空气能够减缓药物释放的速率,因此利用此类表面作为药物的载体有望实现长期供药.超疏水特性能在一定程度改善和提高生物体与材料表面之间的相互作用,例如,血小板几乎不在超疏水表面上进行粘附和活化避免了造成血栓和血凝,因此仿生超疏水性表面可用于制备人造血管和与血液相接触的仪器.细胞和生物分子在不同特殊润湿性表面具有不同的行为和现象,如粘附、繁殖、吸附等差异,这有助于进一步探索研究细胞和生物分子的信息功能,是当前仿生超疏水性表面应用的重要研究方向之一.本综述简单介绍了经典的润湿模型,重点总结了仿生超疏水表面在生物领域的应用,其主要包括控制药物释放、提高血液相容性、蛋白质吸附研究、细胞行为研究、生物分子和细胞微图案化等.最后,对仿生超疏水性表面在生物领域研究应用进行了展望.

Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers. Inspired from lotus leaf, a variety of biomimetic surfaces with superhydrophobicity have been fabricated in recent years based on the combination of surface mi- cro- and nanostructures and chemical compositions by using many different synthetic methods. These surfaces exhibit vari- ous significant applications in anti-icing, microfluidic systems, biocompatibility and other fields. As a special material prop- erty, superhydrophobicity has been proved to be used in biomedical and biological applications in recent years. Three-dimensional superhydrophobic materials may be become an ideal carrier for drug delivery in the near future since en- trapped air within the material should act as a removable barrier component to retard drug release. Superhydrophobicity property can modulate and improve the interracial reactions of biological entities and material surfaces. For example, plate- lets can hardly adhere and be activated on superhydrophobic surfaces so as to avoid the blood coagulation and thrombosis, which can be applied on manmade blood vessels, artificial organ implantations and other medical devices in contact with blood. Cell and biomolecule on the surfaces with special wettabilities, e.g. superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, reversi- ble switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity, will show different behaviors, which have been demon- strated by the investigations of protein adsorption and cell adhesion, cell and biomolecule micropatteming, antibacterial, high-throughput screening. In this review, we briefy introduce the classical wettability models, and then focus mainly on their biological applications, including drug release, blood compatibility, protein adsorption, cell behavior, biomolecule and cell micropatteming. Finally, the prospect of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface in biological applications is also pro- posed.