朱光潜与英国经验主义传统--兼论1930-1940年代朱光潜修正克罗齐的背景与资源

Zhu Guangqian and British Empiricist Tradition and his Revisions over Benedetto Croce

英国经验主义传统在朱光潜美学中占据着极为重要的位置,它不仅提供了朱光潜接受克罗齐的知识背景,而且也成为他修正克罗齐的重要资源。作为现代实验心理学之前身的经验联想主义对经验联结的研究有助于克服形式派美学在审美、科学、道德之间的区分,这使得朱光潜可以重新思考文学与道德关系,弥补形式派美学片面强调审美独立性的缺陷。通过将英国经验主义传统与中国儒家礼乐精神相沟通,朱光潜构建了自己独特的"情的美学",并将美学提升为一种政治方案。

The British empiricist tradition is very important in Zhu Guangqian＇ s aesthetics, which has become both the back- ground for him to accept and the resource to revise Benedetto Croce. The study of the British associationist school on how associa- tions worked helped to bypass the distinction made by formalistic aesthetics between aesthetic appreciation, science and morality, which also informed Zhu Guangqian＇ s reflection over the relationship between literature and morality and led to Zhu＇ s revision of the formalist aesthetics＇ overemphasis on the aesthetic autonomy. By integrating the British empiricist tradition with the spirit of Li and Yue in Chinese Confucian tradition, Zhu Guangqian constructed his unique aesthetic of emotion and promoted it as a politi- cal endeavor.