车站结构人行荷载特性研究

STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDESTRIAN LOADS OF RAILWAY STATION STRUCTURES

大跨度结构的人致振动问题近年来逐渐受到人们的重视。对车站结构中各种可能人行活动下的荷载模式及荷载特性进行了研究。基于候车厅行人在行走、候车、检票进站等情况下的活动特点,对单人行走、座椅起立、下蹲-起立、高处跳下等工况进行了步行力测试,并对测试结果进行了统计分析,得到了各工况下的荷载特性描述。结果表明:1)实测中国人步行力的动载因子小于欧美学者的建议取值,即基于欧美人群步行测试结果的人行荷载取值偏于保守;2)座椅起立时,单人竖向动荷载幅值可达静态体重的2倍,因此,对于大跨轻柔结构,人群集体座椅起立时可能会引起结构的较大振动。研究成果可为人行荷载特性研究和结构的人致振动研究提供参考。

Much concern has been paid on the human-induced vibration of large-span structures in recent years. The characteristics of pedestrian loads under a variety of probable activities in railway station structures are analyzed. Based on the proper forms of activities when passengers are walking, waiting or checking in the waiting room, the dynamic forces of the single person under a specific form of activities are tested, including normal walking, standing up from seat, standing up from squatting position, jumping down from one meter high platform. Analytical expressions for the characteristics of pedestrian loads for the above four cases are presented through statistical analysis. The results show that： 1） The measured dynamic load factors （DLFs） of a walking footfall force are less than the values suggested by foreign scholars, namely the widely accepted equations of DLFs based on the statistical gait results of Europeans are somewhat conservative. 2） The amplitude of a vertical dynamic load induced by single person stand up from seat can be twice the static weight, which may cause excessive vibration of large-span structures, especially when a dense crowd stand up from seat simultaneously. The results of the present study are expected to be useful for the future study of characteristics of pedestrian loads and the mechanism of structural vibration induced by crowd loads.