大庆市土地退化成因及生态恢复对策

Land degradation causes in Daqing City and ecological restoration countermeasures

土地退化是阻碍农业、工业发展的重要影响因素,从黑土带资源流失、土地盐碱化、经济因素分别阐述了大庆市土地退化的成因和相应的生态恢复措施。对待盐碱化地区,应采取土壤改良修复技术和盐碱地植物修复技术改良土地;对待重金属污染严重地区,通过调控理化性质、微生物修复和利用转基因植物修复技术进行土地修复,探索出针对研究区的生态恢复方案。结论指出,首先应加强土地退化的监测力度,与历史数据进行对比分析,制定修复退化土地的方案。其次,采用和引进先技术,用生态修复法修复土地,改变土地理化性质,最后可采用转基因技术对土地进行改良。

Land degradation is one of the most important factors influencing agricultural and industrial develop- ment. This paper analyzed land degeneration in Daqing from three aspects： erosion of black land belt resources, land salinization, and economic factors, and expounded corresponding ecological recovery measures. For salinized areas, land improvement and restoration techniques should be used and plants on salinized land should be imple- mented; for areas polluted by heavy metals, the land should be restored by regulating and controlling physiochemi- cal properties, using microbial techniques and gene conversion techniques, and suitable ecological restoration schemes should be explored. Results show that, to restore the ecology system, first, monitoring of land degradation should be strengthened, and based on the comparison of historical data, restoration scheme of degraded lands should be adopted. Second, land can be restored and land~ physiochemical properties can be changed through in- troducing advanced techniques; last, the land can be improved by using gene conversion technique.