贵州草海越冬斑头雁日间行为模式及环境因素对行为的影响

Diurnal activity patterns and environmental factors on behaviors of Bar-headed Geese Anser indicus wintering at Caohai Lake of Guizhou,China

2011年12月至2012年2月,在贵州省威宁县草海国家级自然保护区,采用瞬时扫描取样法对越冬斑头雁(Anser indicus)种群进行了日间行为时间分配和活动节律的研究。结果表明,斑头雁越冬期间的主要行为是取食和静息,分别占50.48%和43.79%,并呈现出早上和傍晚的双取食高峰,中午的静息高峰。各时间段的取食、静息和饮水行为存在显著差异。对不同生境中斑头雁行为的统计结果表明,在陆地生境中的主要行为是取食,在浅水沼泽生境中的主要行为是静息,推测食物丰富度和干扰水平是影响不同栖息地行为模式的主要因素。利用偏相关分析环境温度和湿度对斑头雁行为的影响表明,气温是影响斑头雁日间行为模式的主要因素。气温升高时,斑头雁增加静息行为减少取食行为;气温降低时则减少静息行为增加取食行为。

Diurnal activity budgets and rhythm of wintering Bar-headed Geese （Anser indicus） at Caohai Lake were studied with instantaneous scan sampling methods from December 2011 to February 2012. During the wintering period, the major behaviors were foraging and resting, which accounted for 50.48% and 43.79% respectively. There were two foraging peaks, one in the morning and the other in the late afternoon, and one resting peak in the noon. Foraging, resting and drinking had significant differences among different segments of time during a day. The geese spent most time in foraging on the land, while resting in the shallow water. It is suggested that the activity patterns in different types of habitat were influenced by food abundance and human disturbance. Partial correlation analysis showed that temperature was the main factor influencing the diurnal activity patterns of Bar-headed Geese. As the temperature rises, the geese decreased foraging and increased resting.