论不同地区的最佳人口分布(英文)

ON OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OVER HETEROGENEOUS REGIONS

为了得到一个国家不同地区人口分布的最佳模式,对中央政府给每个地区的拨款进行了研究。如果所有地区大小相同,可适用亨利.乔治定理,即要使每个地区都获得人口规模最优,所有土地的租金都应当用于公共物品投资。但是如果各地区的面积不相等,则不适用亨利.乔治定理。这种情况下,要提高所有地区居民的福利,中央政府应该重新分配税收收入,以实现帕累托改进。最后,阐述了税收最佳分配方案以及帕累托改进方法。

This paper examined the optimal grant for each region from the central government to attain the optimal distribution of the population over the regions in a country. Under the assumption that all regions are homogeneous, the Henry George Theorem holds, i.e. , all the land rents should be spent on the expenditure of local public goods in order to attain the optimal population of each region. We assume that the regions are heterogeneous in the size of the available land. Under this assumption, the Henry George Theorem does not hold. The central government should redistribute the tax income among regions in order to improve the welfare of each region. The government can make the Pareto improvement by introducing the transfer among the regions. We will derive the characteristics of this optimal transfer and the mechanism of this Pareto improvement.