美国页岩气开发状况及影响分析

DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECT OF SHALE GAS IN THE UNITED STATES

随着世界各国对石油、天然气等常规能源需求的增大,页岩气、煤层气等作为有效缓解能源压力的非常规能源,逐步进入人们的视野。美国作为页岩气开发的先行者,在页岩气市场一直占据主导地位。随着页岩气储量的大规模发现、开发技术的进步、开发模式的成熟、政府政策的支持以及能源市场的变化,美国页岩气产量迅速增长。美国页岩气的成功开发,增强了美国的能源安全保障,降低了美国天然气价格,增加了美国的就业机会,改变了世界天然气市场的传统格局,因此,虽然页岩气开采对环境的影响还有争议,但其对常规能源的替代还是带动了其他国家的页岩气开发。

As a surging demand of oil and gas all over the world, shale gas and coal-bed methane as uncoventional energy can relieve the energy pressure. The United States, a pioneer in developing shale gas, has a top position in shale gas market. As shale gas has been largely discovered, the improving technology and maturing development and supportive policies stimulate the shale gas production in the United States, which guarantees the energy security, decreases the shale gas price and increases the employment, and changes the traditional framework of the world＇s gas market. Although there is a dispute in environment impact, the American＇s developing shale gas as an alternative energy drives a worldwide development.