中国城市最低生活保障标准水平分析

An Analysis on the Level of Minimum Living Standard in Urban China

随着中国社会经济的发展,让低保对象一定程度上分享经济发展成果是制度发展的必然趋势,这一问题与提高低保标准水平密切相关。通过分析城市低保标准的消费支出替代率发现,中国低保标准水平仍然偏低。这表明,城市低保标准水平随着经济发展和人民生活水平的提高存在进一步提高的趋势。低保标准水平提高后导致的担心之一是福利依赖。对低保标准的最低工资替代率和各地福利依赖情况进行分析表明,低保制度的福利依赖问题并非低保标准水平过高,而是附加在低保制度上的种种其他福利。低保标准提高后另一个担心是财政支出增加。在消费支出替代率提高后分别假定低保人数不变和增加的情况下,对低保财政支出增加情况进行测算发现:财政支出增加较大的主要是人口众多且经济欠发达的省市,而支出增加较少的主要是经济最不发达和最发达且消费支出替代率较高的省市。

The beneficiary of minimum living standard guarantee system in China will, to certain extent, share the economy development fruit in the long run. This is related with the raise of minimum living standard level. By calculating the minimum living standard replacement rate to local average consumption expenditure, it is found that minimum living standard level in China is low. This indicates the minimum living standard level in China should be raised in the future. The first concern to minimum living standard raise is welfare dependency. By analyzing minimum wage replacement rate and design of minimum living standard system, it is found that welfare dependency can not attribute to the higher minimum living standard benefit level, but to other welfares banded to minimum living standard system. Another concern to minimum living standard raise is the increase of fiscal expenditure. Respectively assuming that beneficial number in- crease and not increase after the replacement rate increased, it is found that large fiscal expenditure increase falls on those less development provinces with huge population, while less fiscal expenditure increase falls on those least and most development provinces with relative high replacement rate.