7Hay PJ, Katsikitis M. The expert in problem-based and case-based learning: necessary or not? [ J ]. Med Educ, 2001,35 ( 1 ) : 22 - 26.
8Flynn AE, Klein JD. The influence of discussion groups in a case- based learning environment [ J ]. Educ Tech, Res Dev, 2001,49 (3) :71 -86.
9Neufeld VR,Barrows HS.The"McMaster Philosophy":an approach to medical education[J],J Med Educ,1974,49(11):1040-1050.
10Mcparland M,Noble LM,Livingston G.The effectiveness of Problem based learning compared to tradition teaching in undergradume Psychiatry[J].Medical Education,2004,38(8):85-86.
