中国适宜卫生技术评估研究的系统评价

Appropriate Health Technology Assessment Studies in China: A Systematic Review

目的全面总结和分析当今国内开展的适宜卫生技术评估的现状、评估内容及其问题。方法经检索人员讨论并预检索后确定检索词及检索策略,而后电子检索CBM、VIP、CNKI和万方数据库,查找1949年10月～2012年3月期间发表的所有描述中国适宜卫生技术评估的文献。由两名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取并交叉核对,如有分歧讨论解决,必要时参考第三方意见。采用定性方法系统总结纳入文献的研究结果。结果最终共纳入174篇文献,其中横断面研究占117篇。研究人群主要包括已接受适宜卫生技术服务或治疗的患者和社区居民,以及使用或开展适宜卫生技术的基层医务人员和推广组织人员。目前适宜卫生技术主要包括中医(中医药)适宜卫生技术、西医适宜卫生技术、计划生育适宜卫生技术、以及社区卫生服务适宜卫生技术4个方面;涉及最多的疾病种类是循环系统疾病,其中最受关注的是高血压。适宜卫生技术评估内容主要包括6个方面:①有效性;②可接受性;③经济学特征;④需求性;⑤安全性;⑥技术特性。从纳入研究的结果看,目前国内针对适宜卫生技术的评估研究多从某一个方面进行评估,缺乏全面综合性评估,且每项评估内容所使用的指标涉及面太广泛,缺乏统一的评估指标标准。结论本系统评价结果显示,我国现有适宜卫生技术评估的领域分布较广;评估内容较单一,缺乏综合性;评估指标体系缺乏统一标准;评估研究设计方法不一,缺乏高质量的研究设计。提示需要进一步开展高质量的评估研究,建立科学的评估指标体系,对适宜卫生技术进行综合评价,从而为卫生决策者提供更科学的依据。

Objective To comprehensively summarize and analyze the status quo, assessing contents and problems of the assessment studies on appropriate health technology in China. Methods With the search terms and strategies predefined by repeated discussion and pre-retrieval, all literature on appropriate health technology assessment in China published from October 1949 to March 2012 were searched in the following databases： CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, and extracted and cross-checked data. Disagreements were resolved by discussion or by involving a third researcher. The qualitative synthesis method was used to analyze the studies. Results Among total 174 included studies, 117 were cross-sectional. Targeted populations were patients and community residents who had received the service or treatment of appropriate health technology, as well as the grassroots medical staffs and workers from marketing organization who had used or carried out the appropriate health tech- nologies. Appropriate health technologies mainly contained four fields of appropriate health technology： traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine, family planning services and community health services. Most types of diseases involved in those technologies were circulatory system diseases, and high blood pressure was highly concerned. The contents of appro- priate health technology assessment mainly included 6 aspects： effectiveness, acceptability, economic characteristics, require- ments, safety and technical specific property. The results of the included studies indicated that, most assessments focused on just one aspect, and were lack of comprehensive evaluation. The indexes used in each assessment covered a far too wide range, and was lack of unified index and standards. Conclusion Current studies show that the fields of appropriate health technology assessment distribute widely; the assessment content is simple and lack of comprehensive evaluation; the assess- ment index system has no unified standard; and the study design methods are different and lack of high quality study design. So it is necessary to conduct high quality assessment studies, establish scientific assessment index system, and systematically assess appropriate health technology, so as to provide more scientific basis for health decision makers.