核磁共振微陀螺的现状与发展

Current Status and Development of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microgyroscopes

基于核磁共振的微型陀螺仪以其小体积、低功耗、低成本等优势成为了惯性传感器领域新的研究热点。回顾了核磁共振陀螺仪的发展历程,并跟踪了国际上基于核磁共振的微型陀螺仪的最新研究动态。从核磁共振、光抽运和自旋交换碰撞三个方面介绍了核磁共振微陀螺的理论基础和主要涉及的物理效应。针对核磁共振微陀螺的不同结构对其进行分类,并从工作原理和性能参数等方面分别进行了阐述。最后,分析了核磁共振微陀螺的应用领域,对其发展趋势和实际应用所面临的挑战进行了展望,并指出磁抑制和磁屏蔽技术将会成为制约核磁共振微陀螺实际应用的难点。

Microgyroscopes based on the nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） become the hot re- search topic in the field of inertial sensors due to its small size, low power and less cost. The de- velopment history of NMR gyroscopes is reviewed and the recent international research status of NMR microgyroscopes is introduced. The theoretical base and related physical effects are intro- duced from three points, i.e. the nuclear magnetic resonance, optical pump and spin-exchange collision. The microgyroscopes are classified into several types according to their different struc- tures, and the operation principles and performance parameters are reviewed, respectively. Final- ly, the application fields of NMR microgyroscopes are analyzed, and the development tendency and challenges impacting on practical applications are prospected. It is pointed out that the mag- netic field suppressing and shielding will be the bottleneck for the practical application of NMR microgyroscopes.