采煤塌陷对百里杜鹃林区植物群落特征的影响

Influences of coal mining collapse on characteristics of plant community of Hundred-mile Azalea Area of Guizhou

以百里杜鹃林区中未塌陷区、塌陷5年区和塌陷10年区3种典型植物群落类型为研究对象,从植物群落结构表征、重要值、优势度、相似性和多样性等方面,研究了近年来采煤塌陷对百里杜鹃林区植物群落结构的影响。结果表明:随采煤塌陷后时间的延长,植物群落物种组成、群落优势种均发生显著改变;群落优势层呈现从乔木层向草本层,再向灌木层的变化趋势;塌陷区群落多样性指数和稳定性均低于未塌陷区,塌陷后期多样性指数有回升的趋势;植物群落之间的相似性系数先降后升,后期有与未塌陷的植物群落相似性系数增大的趋势;植物群落发生了明显的次生演替现象。

The influences of coal mining collapse on plant community characteristics including community feature,importance value,dominance,similarity and diversity were studied at 3 representative communities of unsubsided area,five-year subsided area and ten-year subsided area in Hundred-mile Azalea Area.Species composition,dominant species and constructive species of the community were significantly changed along with the collapse time extension.The dominant community layer showed a dynamic trend： initially was the arbor layer,next was herb layer,and finally become the shrub layer.Community diversity index and stability of the subsided area was lower than the unsubsided area,however at the later stage of subsided area the community diversity index displayed an increasing tendency.Similarity coefficient among the communities first decreased and then incrensed,the similarity to subsided community at the later stage also displayed an increasing tendency.Secondary succession took place in these plant communities obviously.