从祭祀论汉代地方民间信仰与官方信仰的互动

On the Interaction of Local People’s and the Officials’ Faith in Terms of Offering Sacrifices

祭祀礼俗是民间信仰和官方信仰的重要组成部分。在汉代地方祭祀系统中,官民共祭一方良吏、同守岁时宜忌,颇多相融;同时民间又有独自的祭祀对象和方式,某些祭俗发展到一定程度与官方意志两相悖离,亦多冲突。针对不同的民间祭俗,汉代地方官吏采取了适当利用和大力限禁及个别支持等综合治理措施,使得一方政治稳定,民情官意互动相谐,体现了传统社会地方政治运作中"官民共治"的理念。

The ritual of offering sacrifices is an important component of the folk and official faith.In the local sacrifice-offering system of the Han dynasty,the common people and the officials offered sacrifices to the reverend officials in history,abide by the same traditions and taboos,which showed much congeniality in between.Meanwhile,the folk had unique objects and ways of offering sacrifices.Some sacrifice-offering custom developed to the extent of going against the will of the official will,which might end in conflicts.In response to different folk sacrifice-offering custom,the local officials of the Han dynasty adopted the comprehensive administrative measures of appropriate utilization,vehement confinement and individual support,etc.so that the political situation became stable,and the common people and the officials interacted in a harmonious way in faith,which embodied the idea of＂ruling by the common people and the officials＂in the local political enforcement of the traditional society.