关陇民间社火传承考论

On the Empirical Study of the Folk Performances and Entertainments in Guanlong Area

本文所指关陇地区包括关中西部和陇东地区。关陇社火历史久远,独具特色,尤重民间传承。社火脸谱、服装、把仗是关陇社火表演的三要素,它象征和凸显着社火所扮演的人物身份、文化性格。在关陇地区,社火会组织社火表演,行使自己的组织权和经济权,是中国民间组织的一种表现形式。社火传承人是社火非物质文化遗产最重要的活态载体,无数社火传承人通过心口手相传,实现了关陇社火的历史传承和现代创新。

The Guanlong area in the paper refers to the western part of central Shaanxi area as well as the eastern part of Gansu province.The folk performances and entertainments in Guanlong area is distinctive with a long history,especially with emphasis on folk inheritance.The three elements in the folk performances and entertainments of the Guanlong area are the facial make-ups,costumes and accessories,which signify and project the character’s identity and cultural personality in the folk performances and entertainments.In Guanlong area,the association of folk performances and entertainments organizes the folk performances and entertainments,implements their organizational and economic rights,which is a representative form of folk organizations in China.The inheritors of the folk performances and entertainments are the most important live carrier of this immaterial cultural heritage.The multitude of these inheritors have realized the historical inheritance and contemporary innovations of the folk performances and entertainments in Guanlong area through the passing-down approaches of teaching by heart,mouth and hand.