试论船舶抵押人的主体资格

On the subject qualification of ship mortgagor

船舶抵押人的主体资格是指船舶作为抵押物的情况下,提供抵押物以用于担保的债务人或第三人应符合何种条件方可以设定抵押权。一般情况下,对船舶享有处分权的人,即可以对该船舶设定抵押权;在船舶共有的情况下,应当区分共同共有和按份共有对抵押人的主体资格进行限定;无处分权人设定船舶抵押权的情况,要分析是否构成船舶抵押权的善意取得;公司以其船舶为他人债务提供担保,要注意相关法律的限制。

The subject qualification of ship mortgagor refers to when the ship as collateral,the debtor or a third person who provide the collateral for the secured should be consistent with what conditions can set the mortgagee.Under normal circum-stances,people having the right to dispose the ship can set the mortgagee for the ship;when the ship is shared,the subject quali-fication should be distinct by common ownership or coownership by shares;when the person having no right to mortgage the ship,should analyze whether the ship mortgage is acquired in good faith;when the company provide its ships to secure for others＇ debt,should pay attention to the limitations of the relevant laws.