国家区域政策对央企空间布局的影响

The effect of national and regional policy on spatial distribution of Central Enterprises

建国伊始,国家区域政策就深刻影响着央企的空间布局。通过对改革开放以来我国区域政策对央企空间布局的影响机制、特征与过程分析,结果表明:央企空间布局是"经济人"与"政治人"两种行为特征相互博弈的结果,受国家区域政策直接、间接和累积循环三种模式影响,总体布局呈不平衡的板块集聚特征,央企总部布局具有极高的首都指向性。国家区域政策的转变历程与央企布局的演变过程相吻合,均经历了均衡—不均衡—均衡的演变过程。经济区内的政策强度与央企布局个数呈较强的正相关关系,政策强度与央企扩张具有相似的年际变化规律,但存在时滞和周期性。在不同的区域政策时期,央企布局的空间变动和区域政策的调整具有相应的一致性,各阶段主要的作用机制不同,且趋于三种模式的相互混合影响。

National and regional policies have deeply affected the spatial distribution of Central Enterprises since 1949. This paper analyses the influence mechanism, characteristics and process of regional policy on spatial distribution of Central Enterprises since the re- form and opening up, the results show that the spatial distribution of Central Enterprises is the outcome of gaming between ＂economic man＂ and ＂political man＂. Influenced by the three models of national and regional policies of direct, indirect and cumulative cycle, the overall characteristics of spatial distribution of Central Enterprises present an unbalanced plate agglomeration, and the gathering of Central Enterprises＂ headquarters has extremely higb. capital directivity. The change process of regional policy and the evolution process of Central Enterprises＂ layout are identical with each other, and both underwent the evolution process of balanced-unbalanced-balanced. There is a strong positive correlation between regional economic policy intensity and the number of Central Enterprises. The inter-annual variability of policy intensity and Central Enterprises＂ expansion is similar, but the influ- ence has time-lag and cyclicity. In different periods of regional policies, the changes of spatial distribution of Central Enterprises and regional policy adjustment has corresponding consistency, but the main mechanism is different, which tends to be the combined effect of three modes.