小尺度环境地形相对高度认知及影响因素——以南京大学浦口校区为例

The elevation cognition of terrain and its influencing factors in a small-scale environment: A case study of Pukou Campus,Nanjing University

地形认知虽然是探讨人地互动的重要命题,但目前研究甚少。本文选取南大浦口校园为案例地,在实验设计基础上,采用非概率和分层比例抽样,使用问卷调查和深度访谈的数据收集方法,历时两年,共访谈调查了644名被试,并运用定性与定量数据分析方法,得出小尺度环境地形认知一致性、参照体系特征、个体日常环境对认知的影响性等特点,具体结论如下:(1)认知一致性:被试在地形相对高度的认知方式与状况、地形特征点的辨识方面具有较高一致性;且认知偏误率在空间上呈现一定的分布规律。(2)参照体系特征:被试使用的环境参照物附近的地形多呈凹陷状且地势较低、空间临近特征显著,并且它们多是被试熟悉,视觉通达性较好,到访率较高的场所。(3)个体日常环境对认知的影响性:地形特征的辨识及其相对高度认知受地理环境、认知、行为、情绪和态度等多方面因素影响,其中决定性因素是个体的日常生活环境。

Although the terrain cognition plays an important role in the research of interactive relationship between human and environment, few studies have explored the issue. This study chose the Pukou Campus, Nanjing University as a study area and interviewed 644 freshmen by employing non-possibility sampling and stratified proportional sampling and implementing survey and in-depth interview methods based on the experimental design. Then the data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative data processing methods. Finally, some conclusions can be drawn as follows. 1） There are relatively high agreements among subjects＂ relative elevation cognition of the terrain and recognition of the terrain feature points while there are some trends among the spatial distribution of the rate of cognitive bias of relative elevation. 2） There are topologic, spatial, cognitive and behavioral characteristics of objects of allocentric reference selected by the subjects. 3） The relative elevation cognition of terrain and recognition of terrain feature points in a small environment are influenced by geographical environmental, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors, of which individual daily geographical environment is dominant.