日本地方政府在环境政策实施中的作用

Japanese Local Governments' Function in Environmental Policy Implementation

战后日本进入经济快速增长期,环境污染事件频发,环境问题使日本曾经是世界上的污染大国。通过国家、地方政府、企业、群众的共同努力,时至今日环境质量得到了极大的改善,环境技术得到广泛的推广,产业结构向耗能低、污染少的产业转移。这些成果的取得主要是日本科学合理的环境政策以及严格、彻底、有效地采取措施落实各项环境政策的结果。在这一过程中,日本地方政府先于国家制定区域环境政策和环境标准,对国家层面环境政策和环境法的形成起到了积极的推动和促进作用。同时,日本地方政府结合区域产业发展特征有针对性地进行环境监督和管理,为日本环境治理和环境保护做出巨大贡献。目前,我国许多地方政府对国家环境政策采取抵制的态度,阻挠或干预环境保护政策的实施,分析日本地方政府在环境保护方面发挥的作用对我国地方政府在环境治理和环境保护中的职能转变具有一定的现实意义。

Postwar Japan accelerated the economic growth,thus resulted in great environmental problems.Nowadays,Japanese environment has been greatly improved,its environmental technologies were widely promoted,and the industry structure has been transferred to the low energy consumption and less contamination by joint efforts of the state,local government,enterprise,and people.These achievements were obtained mainly depended on Japanese scientific and reasonable environmental policies and strict,complete and effective measures to implement them.In this process,Japanese local government contributed a lot to environmental protection and environmental management such as making regional environmental policy and formulating environmental standards prior to the national environmental policy,combining the regional environmental issues with industrial development features to control pollution and manage environment.At present,many local governments in China resist implementing national environmental policy,obstructing or interfering with the environmental protection policy implementation.To analyze the effects of Japanese local governments on environmental protection has certain practical significance for improving Chinese local governments' function in environmental management and environmental protection.