线索呈现的时空特性对表征动量的影响

The Effect of Spatial-temporal Cue on Representational Momentum

为揭示注意对表征动量的影响机制,结合线索提示和表征动量范式,通过两个实验比较高、低相关线索分别在诱导期间与保持间隔呈现对表征动量的影响,结果发现:(1)高相关线索的时间特性主效应不显著,最终位置均发生边缘性的向前偏移。(2)低相关线索呈现在诱导期间时,表征动量显著;呈现在保持间隔时,发生向后偏移。这些表明,随着注意增大,表征动量减小;高相关线索更有利于定位,而低相关线索易受时间特性的影响。研究结果验证表征动量的双加工理论。

Memory for the final position of a moving target is often displaced forward in the direction of target motion, and this has been referred to as representational momentum （RM）. The present research was to make a comparison of the effects of cuing during inducing stimulus or during the retention interval, i.e. , when cuing was presented upon initial inducing stimulus or last inducing stimulus. In Experiment 1, there were six inducing stimuli. Each inducing stimulus was presented 250ms, and there was a 250ms ISI between successive inducing stimuli. The high-relevant cue, a red circle, was presented at the same location as the first inducing stimulus and during the entire duration of inducing stimulus motion. The low-relevant cue, presented at the same location of the last inducing stimulus. The inducing stimulus and probe were white square shapes 40 pixels in width and in height, and were presented against a black background. The probe was located at one of seven horizontal positions relative to the final location of that inducing stimulus： -15, -10, -5, 0, ＋ 5, ＋ 10, or ＋ 15 pixels. Each participants took 168 trials （3 cues [ the high-relevant cue, the low-relevant cue, cue absent） ] 7 probes [-15, -10, -5, 0, ＋5, ＋ 10, ＋ 15] 2 directions [leftward, rightward] 4 replications） in a different random order. In each trial, the participant was asked to press a key to indicate whether or not the location of the probe was the same as the final location of the inducing stimulus, and then entered the next trial. In Experiment 2, the procedure was the same as Experiment 1, with the following exception： the high-relevant and low-relevant cues were presented during the final retention interval. The findings of the two experiments were as follows. First, when the high-relevant cue or the low-relevant cue was presented during inducing stimulus or during the retention interval, forward displacement of probe decreased, relative to when a cue was absent. Second, presentation of the high-relevant cue during inducing stimulus or during the retention interval decreased forward displacement of the target. But the high-relevant cue did not eliminate forward displacement of the probe. Third, the presentation of the low-relevant cue during inducing stimulus decreased forward displacement of the probe; when low-relevant cue was presented during the retention interval, displacement of the probe was opposite to the direction of motion. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that cues provided information regarding the final location of the target, which suggested that representational momentum was a control process. The high-relevant cue played a critical role in localizing probe, but it did not eliminate forward displacement. This was consistent with the hypotheses that representational momentum is at least automatic processing. However, the low-relevant cue presented at different times could have different effects upon the placement.