移情反应的研究——基于个体倾向与情境的双重视角

A Research on Empathic Responses——Based on Dual Angle of Individual Tendency and Situation

本研究基于个体倾向和情境的双重视角,将静态与动态相结合,探讨不同移情能力的个体在真实性不同情境中的移情反应。结果发现:(1)移情能力高、低分组得分存在显著性差异;(2)情境真实性高、低两种情境之间差异不显著;(3)在某些具体的移情反应上,移情能力与情境的交互作用显著;(4)性别差异不显著。属个体倾向范畴的移情能力对移情反应具有显著影响,情境对移情反应的影响与移情能力有关,移情能力高的个体对情境的变化更为敏感。

Empathy is an ability that enables an individual to understand others＇ emotions and make proper response. It makes us interact effectively in the social world, acting as the ＂glue＂of the social world, facilitating us to help others and preventing us from hurting others. Empathic responses refer to emotional responses and helpful responses in social interaction.. From the dual angle of individual tendency and situation, the present article explores the effects of empathic abilities on empathic reactions in different situations. The experiment used the IRI-C scale, empathic responses questionnaire and story tapes as experimental material, employed a three-factor mixed design （ empathic ability ： high versus low ~ situation： high versus low reality ~ gender： male versus female）, with empathic ability and gender as the between-subjects independent variable, situation as the within- subjects independent variable, and empathic responses as dependent variable. A total of 96 undergraduates as subjects, including 48 male and 52 female students, were divided into two equal groups according to the scores of empathy scale （IRI-C）. After listening to the stories, subjects were asked to finish empathic responses questionnaire. The results showed that： （ 1 ） Empathic abilities had a great effect on empathic responses. There were significant differences between the low and high empathic ability scores. （2） There were no significant differences between the low and high reality of situations. （3） In some concrete empathic responses, the interaction of empathic abilities and situation was significant, such as distress in emotional responses, helpful intention in helpful responses. （4） There were no significant differences in empathic responses between males and females. These results indicate that empathy acts as one type of ability and has to do with individual propensity.. It is stable to some extent. At the same time, empathy can be affected by a different variety of situations.